Тренировочный вариант ОГЭ и ЕГЭ по теме «Health»

Предлагаем тренировочный вариант для экзаменов ОГЭ и ЕГЭ на базе материалов ФИПИ по теме «Health». Обратим внимание, что в тренировочных вариантах не все задания, которые представлены на экзамене, так как тематический блок «Health» есть не во всех типах заданий. К каждому упражнению вы также найдёте ответы. Мы рекомендуем перепроверить их самостоятельно, так как в открытом банке ответы не даны.

Содержание:

• Тренировочный вариант ОГЭ
  • Раздел 1. Аудирование
  • Раздел 2. Чтение
  • Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика
  • Раздел 4. Письмо
• Тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ
  • Раздел 1. Аудирование
  • Раздел 2. Чтение
  • Раздел 3. Лексика и грамматика
  • Раздел 4. Письмо

Тренировочный вариант ОГЭ

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Задание 1

Вы услышите четыре коротких текста, обозначенных буквами А, B, C, D. В заданиях 1–4 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды:

1. The participants of the drawing contest are free to choose …

1. any theme for their picture. 
2. any drawing tools. 
3. any place to sit.  

2. Jessica needs to decide …

1. what birthday present to buy. 
2. what to wear to the party. 
3. where to spend the holiday.

3. Why does Linda have to be in the medical centre?

1. She wants to support a member of her family.  
2. She has to see a doctor for her stomach ache. 
3. She needs to visit a dentist for an annual check-up. 

4. Kate and Fred are going to … at the coming weekend.

1. see the city aquarium
2. learn more about the history of the city
3. take a boat for a sea voyage

Задание 2

Вы готовите тематическую радиопередачу с высказываниями пяти разных людей, обозначенных буквами А, В, С, D, Е. Подберите к каждому высказыванию соответствующую его содержанию рубрику из списка 1–6. Используйте каждую рубрику из списка только один раз. В списке есть одна лишняя рубрика. Вы услышите запись дважды:

1. It’s good for health
2. It’s boring
3. It’s interesting
4. It’s useless
5. It’s important
6. It’s difficult

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами:

Раздел 2. Чтение

Задание 1

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 1–7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Mr. Nuttel, a young gentleman, came to live in the country. The doctors said a quiet place like that and complete rest could help cure his nerves. He didn’t know anyone round there. That’s why his sister gave him letters of introduction to some nice people she knew. 

One of the letters was to Mrs. Sappleton. When Mr. Nuttel visited her, Mrs Sappleton was busy and he was asked to wait for several minutes. The servant invited Mr. Nuttel into a room. There Mr. Nuttel met Mrs. Sappleton’s niece, a very self-confident young lady of fifteen. The young lady asked him what he knew about her aunt. Mr. Nuttel knew nothing except Mrs. Sappleton’s name and address.

Mr. Nuttel looked around. There was something about the room that told him there were other people living in the house. So he was wondering if Mrs. Sappleton was married. Suddenly the girl got sad and told a story of Mrs. Sappleton’s tragedy. Mr. Nuttel was greatly surprised because his sister hadn’t told him anything about it. The tragedy was very unusual for that peaceful place. 

The girl pointed at the French window, which opened on to the lawn and said that Mrs. Sappleton always kept it open. Mr. Nuttel stated that it was natural to keep the window open because the weather was quite warm. But the girl sighed and explained that her poor aunt always kept the window open in the evenings because she was waiting for her husband and sons to return. Three years ago they had gone hunting and never came back. The story caught Mr. Nuttel’s imagination deeply. He felt very upset.

He felt a little better only when Mrs. Sappleton finally appeared in the room. She apologized for being late and asked if he minded the open window. She said her husband and sons would soon be home from hunting. They always came in that way. Then, she continued talking cheerfully about hunting ducks. But Mr. Nuttel felt terrible.

He made an attempt to change the topic and told her about the reasons why he had come to the country. But Mrs. Sappleton didn’t seem to notice. She was constantly looking at the open window. Mr. Nuttel felt uncomfortable. He understood that he had chosen the wrong moment to visit her. Suddenly Mrs. Sappleton cried happily pointing at the window, «Here they are at last, just in time for tea!» Three male figures were walking across the lawn towards the window. They carried guns and a dog followed them.

Shocked and afraid, Mr. Nuttel grabbed his stick and hat and rushed out of the house. Mrs. Sappleton was extremely surprised at the extraordinary man who had left the house so quickly without a word. Her niece suggested that it was because of the dog. She said that Mr. Nuttel had been afraid of them since childhood – once, a dog had seriously bitten him. This was enough to make the young man lose his nerve. The young lady was so good at making up stories!

1. Mr. Nuttel came to the village to improve his health.

1. True    
2. False   
3. Not stated

2. Mr. Nuttel was an old friend of Mrs. Sappleton.

1. True    
2. False   
3. Not stated

3. According to Mrs. Sappleton’s niece, a great tragedy had happened in her aunt’s family three years before.

1. True
2. False
3. Not stated

4. Mrs. Sappleton’s niece could speak French fluently.

1. True
2. False
3. Not stated

5. That afternoon Mrs. Sappleton was waiting for her husband and sons to return from hunting.

1. True
2. False
3. Not stated

6. Mr. Nuttel cheerfully greeted Mr.Sappleton and his sons.

1. True
2. False
3. Not stated

7. Mr. Nuttel ran out of the house because he was afraid of the dog.

1. True
2. False
3. Not stated

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 1

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1-6 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 1-6.

Раздел 4. Письмо

Устная часть

Задание 1

You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Though most people believe that the tomato is a vegetable, this plant is actually a fruit. It is a fruit because it has seeds inside like apples, oranges, lemons, and all other types of fruit. The tomato comes from Central and South America. When tomatoes were brought to England, people thought that they were poisonous and refused to eat them. Only in 1820, Robert Johnson proved that tomatoes were absolutely safe and would not affect people’s health. He ate a basket of tomatoes in public. Nowadays, the tomato is widely used in all types of food. There are many different kinds of tomatoes — over 7,500! They differ in size, shape, colour and taste.

Задание 2

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

We are always told that we should clean our teeth regularly to keep them healthy and to have fresh breath. It is believed that people started using a kind of paste to clean their teeth around 5000 years ago. However, the ingredients of these tooth powders were very different from ours. For example, the people of ancient Egypt used salt, mint, dried flowers and pepper to create tooth powder. Later, in the 18th century, in some countries in Europe, people brushed their teeth with burnt bread. The first toothpaste appeared in 1890, in Great Britain. At first it was sold in jars. Then special tubes were designed to make the toothpaste more comfortable to use.

Task 2. You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences). Remember to say:

• why a healthy lifestyle is popular nowadays;
• what you do to keep fit;
• what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region;
• what your attitude to a healthy lifestyle is.

Тренировочный вариант ЕГЭ

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Задание 1

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. Your health may stop you from taking baths.
2. Taking baths is not environmentally friendly.
3. Technical innovations make a shower a great experience.
4. Taking a bath isn’t as wasteful as you may think.
5. Taking showers helps me to stay healthy.
6. Taking a bath is a perfect way to relax.
7. There are both pluses and minuses about baths and showers.

Задание 2

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 –True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды:

1. Andy’s mother likes it when he plays on his phone.
2. Sarah supports Andy’s mum decision.
3. Andy doesn’t have any health problems.
4. Sarah plays computer games at the weekend.
5. Sarah has daily football training.
6. Andy thought about joining a football team last year.
7. Sarah’s team does not need new players.
8. Sarah’s team does not need new players.

Задание 3

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 1–7 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды:

1. What does Dana NOT mention as a health benefit of yoga?

1. Eliminating stress.
2. Fighting diseases.
3. Making one sleep better.

2. What does Dana say about yoga classes?

1. They are typically two hours long.
2. They consist of three main stages.
3. They are conducted in a cool room.

3. Speaking about yoga styles, Dana points out that they are …

1. difficult.
2. fashionable.
3. diverse.

4. What is Dana’s opinion of hot yoga?

1. It’s not suitable for people with health problems.
2. It’s the best kind of yoga for all people.
3. It should be practised in warm countries only.

5. According to Dana, what is TRUE about yoga breathing?

1. It’s necessary to increase blood pressure.
2. It’s the main aspect of any yoga style.
3. It takes months to learn.

6. What does Dana say about yoga mats in yoga studios?

1. They are provided free of charge.
2. It’s best to have a personal mat.
3. It’s very expensive to rent a mat there.

7. According to Dana, what is TRUE about doing yoga at home?

1. Common objects can be used instead of professional equipment.
2. One needs to buy many things to practise yoga at their place.
3. It’s hard to find the necessary equipment to do yoga at home.

Больше статей о подготовке учеников к экзаменам:

Раздел 2. Чтение

Задание 1

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Glimpses of history 2. Potentially dangerous 3. What does salt look like? 4. A popular myth

5. An unusual place to stay 6. A necessary substance 7. Expensive and unhealthy 8. Figuratively speaking

A.

Salts can appear to be clear and transparent, opaque, and even metallic and lustrous. In many cases these differences are only related to the difference in the size of a crystal. Since light reflects from the phase boundaries, larger crystals tend to be transparent, while poly-crystalline aggregates look like white powders. Of course, some salts are inherently opaque. Salts may be colourless but they also exist in the full range of different colours — yellow, orange, red, blue, green, white and black. That’s why many synthetic or organic dyes are basically salts.

B.

Food industry would not have appeared without salt. Meat-packing, sausage-making, fish-processing and food-processing industries use salt as a preservative or seasoning or both. In the chemical industry salt is required in manufacturing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), chlorine and many other chemicals. Salt is also employed in soap, glaze, and porcelain enamel manufacturing and participates in metallurgical processes as a flux — a substance promoting fusing of metals.

C.

Salt was so valuable in ancient Rome that soldiers were sometimes paid with it. In fact, the word ‘salary’ even comes from the Latin word for salt. Historically, salt’s value came from its ability to preserve food. Venice may be famous for its canals now, but it was the salt imports that fueled its rise as an influential trade power by the end of the 13th century. Salt also took on a great deal of symbolic value. This is the reason it is mentioned so many times in the Bible. Its preservative properties made it an apt metaphor for permanence and conviction.

D.

There are many interesting idioms and expressions with the word ‘salt’ in the English language. For instance, if somebody is worth their salt, it means they are good at their job. If you take something with a grain of salt, it means that you understand that something is likely to be untrue or incorrect. Good and honest people are often called the salt of the earth. If you are trying to save some money, it means you’re salting the money away. If a person is in trouble but you make the situation worse for them, you rub salt in their wounds.

E.

Most people think that salt has no other role in food rather than enhancing the taste and we can give up eating salt completely. However, nothing can be further from the truth. Salt plays a vital role in human health, and we all need to consume at least some salt every day. It facilitates the transport of nutrients and oxygen in our body, allows our nerves to transmit messages and helps our muscles work. The average adult’s body contains about 250 g of sodium — the equivalent of about three or four shakers of salt.

F.

Most people know about the health risks associated with sodium, but reducing your intake of salt is easier said than done. According to health experts, an average person consumes around 10 g of salt per day, which is double the recommended amount. Since the taste for salt is acquired, reduced consumption should be practiced from an early age. Even if you don’t have hypertension, it’s still a good idea to cut down on your salt intake to reduce your blood pressure, according to numerous recent health reviews and studies. 

G.

Modern tourists often choose to go off the beaten track. Palacio de Sal is a resort hotel, which is located on the edge of the salt flats. It was built entirely of compressed salt blocks. Chairs, tables, beds and even a swimming pool are also made of local salt sources. It is located at the edge of the world’s largest salt flat in southwest Bolivia. The hotel has a dry sauna and a steam room, a saltwater pool and whirlpool baths. There is a rule in the hotel prohibiting licking the walls in order to prevent their degradation.

Задание 2

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Green buildings. Green energy. Green cleaning. Once upon a time, green was just another colour in your crayon box. It was also a word A_____. In recent years, «green» has become the universal word for all environmentally friendly things.

The happy hum of a washing machine, B_____ are some of the soothing sounds of home. And there are times when these appliances are running all at once at your place. But as C_____ pollution. The more energy your home consumes, the harder power plants have to work, and the more pollution enters the environment.

As a resident of a fragile planet, you do want to do your part to help the environment. So you recycle, you use D_____ and you never let the water run while you’re brushing your teeth. But as you do your part to protect the environment, it’s important E_____ can also improve your health. For example, reducing carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved in many ways, and can benefit your health. By deciding to use your bike or walk to work, you benefit both F_____. You reduce your fossil fuel consumption and increase leisure-time physical activity and connect with others. So, don’t hesitate and go green whenever you can.

1. to keep in mind that living green
2. your health and the local environment
3. biking, walking or working from home
4. public transportation whenever you can
5. clothes dryer, dishwasher and refrigerator
6. the neighbour used to describe your garden
7. your electricity usage goes up, so does the air

Задание 3

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Choosing a college? Well, you may want to look more closely at what’s being served. Not just in the classrooms but also the cafeterias.

What you eat and drink in college can make a big difference during college and well beyond. College may be the first time that you are away from Mommy and Daddy and are making decisions about what to put in your mouth on your own. It is when you are potentially programming some of your habits for life. You may also still be growing in college, which makes good nutrition especially important. According to a study published in the journal Preventive Medicine, overweight and obesity rates increase by more than 15% for first-year college students.

Healthy may not be the first thing you think of when you picture college eating. Instead, it may be late-night takeout, food from bags, ketchup as a vegetable, cereal for dinner and Nutella on everything. Oh, and when the cafeteria’s vegetable-of-the-day is mushroom, it may actually be «mush» served in a room. The same study found that 95% of college students fail to eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and more than 60% report not getting enough physical activity.

That is why the Healthier Campus Initiative appeared. As science has shown, once your eating habits are established, changing them can be very difficult. Yes, knowledge and a diploma aren’t the only things that you can get for life from college. That means that collegiate eating and drinking could be contributing to the continuing obesity epidemic and the host of diet-related chronic diseases that keep growing in many countries.

College applicants seem to become more and more aware of this. Back when I was applying to college, the only thing I knew about college meal plans was that they involved meals and a plan. Oh, and that they could be quite costly. By contrast, a survey conducted in 2015 showed nearly 1 in 5 potential college applicants indicated that a college’s health and wellness offerings were «likely» or «extremely likely» to alter their decisions of whether to apply to that college. And 23% felt that access to such offerings would be «absolutely essential when deciding where to apply.» Among female high schoolers, 51% deemed it either absolutely essential or very important. Modern kids are smart.

Therefore, take heed, colleges and universities. They say that a way to one’s heart is through the stomach. This may apply to the brain as well and the checkbook for college tuition. If colleges want to attract the best and brightest, they may want to make sure they are serving the yummiest and the healthiest.

Of course, not all campuses around the country have joined the Initiative yet. That doesn’t mean that all other campuses are serving just hot dogs. However, you may want to be vigilant about what colleges and universities are serving. For example, ask to see their menus and accompanying nutrition information. This should include ingredients and frequency at which they are served. An apple a year will keep no doctor away. Determine what food is available off-hours or away from the cafeteria. This should include water fountains and healthy vending machines. Know who is supplying the food and from where the food comes.

Certainly, college food is not the sole cause of the epidemics of obesity and other diet related chronic diseases that certain countries are facing right now as there are a lot of other factors involved, including economics and family traditions. But it may be a contributor. After all, college years may be very important in forming habits we keep through our whole lives.

1. The author thinks that choosing a college should depend on …

1. food served there.
2. workout facilities.
3. classes and food.
4. healthy campus habits.

2. Which of the following is NOT true about college eating, according to the author?

1. Food choices in college can determine your future nutrition.
2. Most students lack fruit and vegetables in their diet.
3. More senior students have extra weight than first-year students.
4. After leaving home many freshmen eat unhealthy food.

3. In the author’s view, the Healthier Campus Initiative was started to …

1. study what meals colleges offer nationwide.
2. draw parents’ attention to students’ eating habits.
3. work with obese students and their parents.
4. encourage colleges to provide healthier food.

4. According to the article, college applicants nowadays …

1. are more concerned about college meal options.
2. are less intelligent than in the author’s time.
3. prefer colleges that offer wellness scholarships.
4. mostly choose a college based on meal plans.

5. The phrase take heed in «Therefore, take heed, colleges and universities» (Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to …

1. pay attention.
2. stay back.
3. take time.
4. keep calm.

6. The author is using a reference to a famous proverb «An apple a day keeps a doctor away» (Paragraph 7, «An apple a year will keep no doctor away») to emphasize that …

1. your health depends on the food you eat.
2. it is important how often you eat healthy food.
3. snacks are also important in students’ diet.
4. applicants should check college menus first.

7. The main goal of the article is to …

1. discuss the reasons for obesity and chronic diseases.
2. call the readers’ attention to the importance of college food.
3. explain what colleges should do to attract more students.
4. encourage more colleges to join the Healthier Campus Initiative.

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Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Задание 1

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1–6, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1–6.

Задание 2

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 1–5, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 1–5.

Задание 3

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1–7. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1–7, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Many people believe that office conditions can influence our work. For a 1._____ time achieving a comfortable room temperature in hot climates was a constant struggle. Research discovered an obvious fact: finding an office temperature to 2._____ everyone all the time is basically impossible. «Part of the problem is trying to work out the «correct» temperature. It depends 3. _____ what you’re measuring,» said researcher David House.

One study 4._____ at the impact of the room temperature on worker productivity, by tracking the activity of managers in an office. 5._____ it measured the activity of just nine women, the results were impressive. At 25°C they were typing non-stop with an error rate of just 10%. When the temperature dropped to 20°C, they were half as productive, more than doubling the number of mistakes.

But it’s not quite that simple. When students in the other study were asked to solve a math problem in either a cool or a warm room, the group in the cooler room 6._____ in this task twice as often. It means that complex decisions are more difficult when we’re warm. When the temperature is above 27°C, we’re not so good at mathematics.

In fact, the room temperature can do more than influence your productivity — it can change the way you think. Warm environments are better for creative thinking, while cooler workplaces are thought to 7._____ people active during repetitive or monotonous tasks.

1.	1. huge 2. high 3. big 4. long
2.	1. please 2. amuse 3. enjoy 4. prefer
3.	1. in 2. from 3. on 4. for
4.	1. observed 2. looked 3. watched 4. glanced
5.	1. Although 2. Moreover 3. Therefore 4. However
6.	1. fulfilled 2. managed 3. achieved 4. succeeded
7.	1. stay 2. gain 3. keep 4. hold

Раздел 4. Письмо

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Sammy who writes:

… Summer is coming and my sister has decided to lose weight. Do Russian teenagers lead a healthy lifestyle, why or why not? What sports and games are popular among them? How do teenagers spend their free time?
I’m planning my winter holidays …

Write a letter to Sammy. In your letter:

• answer his questions;
• ask 3 questions about his plans for the winter holidays.

Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Устная часть

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

The human body changes as it ages. The peak time for the human body is thought to be around the age of thirty. The body has an amazing capacity to renew, but cells can only divide a limited number of times. Thus, as we get older, our ability to repair damaged body parts decreases. Among the typical symptoms of ageing is the hair loss, poor eyesight and hearing and wrinkles. The hair growth slows down, and the hair becomes thin and weak. As for the eyesight, the eye muscles become less flexible, which makes focusing on a range of distances more difficult. The cells of the inner ear are very delicate. They get damaged or die over time. The skin cells produce less collagen, and wrinkles form. 

However, it’s not all bad. Today people live much longer than they used to live in the past. Modern scientists are doing everything to slow down the complex processes of human ageing. 

Task 2. Study the advertisement

You are considering going to the clinic and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out about the following:

• location;
• public transport;
• types of doctors:
• family discounts.

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3. These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12-15 sentences).

In your talk remember to speak about:

• where and when the photo was taken:
• what/who is in the photo:
• what is happening:
• why you keep the photo in your album:
• why you decided to show the picture to your friend.

You have to talk continuously, starting with: «I’ve chosen photo number …».